Earthing refers to the process of connecting the electrical system of a building to the ground to protect it from surges and lightning strikes. The process is essential for the safe operation of electrical systems, as it provides a low resistance path for electricity to flow to the earth in case of any faults.
Patna, the capital of Bihar, is a rapidly developing city that has witnessed a significant increase in the number of buildings and infrastructure projects over the last decade. These developments require proper earthing systems to ensure the safety of the buildings and the people inside them.
There are two types of earthing systems: conventional earthing and chemical earthing. In this article, we will discuss both types of earthing systems and the earthing materials used in Patna, Bihar.
Conventional Earthing System
Conventional earthing systems have been in use for many years and involve the use of earthing pipes, earthing rods, charcoal, salt, and other materials. These materials are easily available and cost-effective, making them a popular choice for conventional earthing systems.
Earthing Pipe
Earthing pipes are a type of metal pipe that is installed vertically in the ground. The pipe is made of copper or GI (Galvanized Iron) and is buried in a pit that is filled with a mixture of charcoal and salt. The earthing pipe is connected to the electrical system of the building, and the earth wire is attached to the pipe.
The earthing pipe is an effective way to provide a low resistance path for electrical currents to flow to the ground. The salt and charcoal mixture in the pit helps to maintain the moisture level in the soil, which is essential for effective earthing.
Earthing Rod
Earthing rods are another type of earthing material that is commonly used in conventional earthing systems. The rod is made of copper or GI and is installed vertically in the ground. The earthing rod is connected to the electrical system of the building, and the earth wire is attached to the rod.
The earthing rod is effective in providing a low resistance path for electrical currents to flow to the ground. However, the rod requires a large amount of space in the ground, and the installation process can be challenging.
Charcoal and Salt
Charcoal and salt are commonly used in conventional earthing systems to maintain the moisture level in the soil around the earthing material. The moisture helps to provide a low resistance path for electrical currents to flow to the ground.
The charcoal and salt mixture is filled in the earthing pit around the earthing pipe or rod. The mixture needs to be replenished regularly to maintain the moisture level in the soil.
Chemical Earthing System
Chemical earthing systems are a relatively new technology that has gained popularity in recent years. The system involves the use of chemical compounds that are specially designed to enhance the conductivity of the soil around the earthing material. This results in a lower resistance path for electrical currents to flow to the ground.
Copper Bonded Rod
Copper bonded rods are one of the most commonly used earthing materials in chemical earthing systems. The rod is made of steel and is coated with a layer of copper that is bonded to the steel. The rod is installed vertically in the ground and connected to the electrical system of the building.
The copper bonded rod provides an excellent low resistance path for electrical currents to flow to the ground. The copper coating helps to enhance the conductivity of the soil around the rod, resulting in a more efficient earthing system.
Earth Enhancement Compound
Earth enhancement compound is a chemical compound that is specially designed to enhance the conductivity of the soil around the earthing material. The compound is made of a mixture of natural materials and is added to the earthing pit around the earthing material.
The compound helps to reduce the resistance of the soil and provides a efficient low resistance path for electrical currents to flow to the ground. It also helps to maintain the moisture level in the soil, reducing the need for regular replenishment of the earthing pit.
FRP Earth Pit Cover
FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastic) earth pit covers are used to cover the earthing pit in chemical earthing systems. The covers are made of a durable and corrosion-resistant material that can withstand harsh weather conditions and provide protection to the earthing pit.
The FRP earth pit covers are also designed to provide easy access to the earthing pit for maintenance and inspection purposes. They are available in various sizes and shapes to fit different types of earthing pits.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Conventional and Chemical Earthing Systems
Both conventional and chemical earthing systems have their advantages and disadvantages. Conventional earthing systems are cost-effective and easy to install, but they require regular maintenance to ensure their effectiveness. Chemical earthing systems, on the other hand, are more efficient and require less maintenance, but they can be more expensive than conventional systems.
Conventional earthing systems are more prone to corrosion and can deteriorate over time, resulting in a higher resistance path for electrical currents to flow to the ground. Chemical earthing systems, on the other hand, are designed to last for many years and provide a consistent low resistance path for electrical currents.
Earthing systems are an essential aspect of building safety and should be installed and maintained properly. Patna, Bihar, has seen significant development over the last decade, resulting in the need for proper earthing systems in buildings and infrastructure projects.
Conventional earthing systems, such as earthing pipes, earthing rods, charcoal, and salt, are still widely used in Patna. However, chemical earthing systems, such as copper bonded rods, earth enhancement compounds, and FRP earth pit covers, are gaining popularity due to their efficiency and durability.
Both conventional and chemical earthing systems have their advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of earthing system should depend on the specific requirements and budget of the project.
Proper installation and maintenance of the earthing system are essential to ensure its effectiveness and safety. It is essential to consult with a qualified electrician or engineer to determine the appropriate earthing system and materials for the building or infrastructure project.